Calf, sheep, and goat were all commonly used, and other animals, including pig, deer, donkey, horse, or camel were used on occasion. However, in Europe, from Roman times, the word was used for the best quality of prepared skin, regardless of the animal from which the hide was obtained. The word "vellum" is borrowed from Old French vélin 'calfskin', derived in turn from the Latin word vitulinum 'made from calf'. Quran from the 7th century written on vellum It is used for a variety of purposes including tracing, technical drawings, plans and blueprints. Modern "paper vellum" is made of synthetic plant material, and gets its name from its similar usage and high quality. Scratching the surface with pumice, and treating with lime or chalk to make it suitable for writing or printing ink can create a final look. To create tension, the process goes back and forth between scraping, wetting and drying.
#White translucent vellum paper skin#
The making involves the cleaning, bleaching, stretching on a frame (a "herse"), and scraping of the skin with a crescent-shaped knife (a "lunarium" or " lunellum"). Vellum is generally smooth and durable, but there are great variations in its texture which are affected by the way it is made and the quality of the skin. Thus the term avoids the distinction between vellum and parchment. It may be very hard to determine the animal species involved (let alone its age) without going to a laboratory depending on the way of making the paper. Modern scholars and experts use the general and potentially-confusing term "membrane" more often.
Vellum is prepared for writing and printing on and used for single pages, scrolls, codices, or books. It is distinguished from parchment when it is made from calfskin, rather than that made from other animals, or having a higher quality when it is not. Vellum is prepared animal skin or membrane, typically used as writing material.
A vellum deed dated 1638, with pendent seal attached
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